https://www.enviro.wiki/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Metal_and_Metalloids_-_Remediation
Metal and Metalloids - Remediation - Revision history
2026-04-15T01:36:50Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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Jhurley at 21:01, 23 April 2025
2025-04-23T21:01:39Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:01, 23 April 2025</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are many sites where soil and/or groundwater are contaminated with [[Metal and Metalloid Contaminants | metals and metalloids]] (collectively referred to as “metals” henceforth) that require some type of response. The most commonly occurring metals at Superfund sites are [[wikipedia: Lead | lead]], [[wikipedia: Chromium |chromium]], [[wikipedia: Arsenic | arsenic]], [[wikipedia: Zinc| zinc]], [[wikipedia: Cadmium | cadmium]], [[wikipedia: Copper | copper]], and [[wikipedia: Mercury (element) | mercury]]. Many [[Remediation Technologies | remediation technologies]] that are used at sites with organic contaminants can <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">be </del>also be used at sites with metals contamination with one major caveat: metals are not destroyed by chemical or biological degradation. At smaller sites, metal contaminants in soils are commonly treated by excavation. In groundwater, metals plumes are treated by pump-and-treat systems, [[Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Metal and Metalloids | monitored natural attenuation of metals]], or remediated by changing the groundwater geochemistry to immobilize the metal contaminants to prevent migration to receptors.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are many sites where soil and/or groundwater are contaminated with [[Metal and Metalloid Contaminants | metals and metalloids]] (collectively referred to as “metals” henceforth) that require some type of response. The most commonly occurring metals at Superfund sites are [[wikipedia: Lead | lead]], [[wikipedia: Chromium |chromium]], [[wikipedia: Arsenic | arsenic]], [[wikipedia: Zinc| zinc]], [[wikipedia: Cadmium | cadmium]], [[wikipedia: Copper | copper]], and [[wikipedia: Mercury (element) | mercury]]. Many [[Remediation Technologies | remediation technologies]] that are used at sites with organic contaminants can also be used at sites with metals contamination with one major caveat: metals are not destroyed by chemical or biological degradation. At smaller sites, metal contaminants in soils are commonly treated by excavation. In groundwater, metals plumes are treated by pump-and-treat systems, [[Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Metal and Metalloids | monitored natural attenuation of metals]], or remediated by changing the groundwater geochemistry to immobilize the metal contaminants to prevent migration to receptors.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div style="float:right;margin:0 0 2em 2em;">__TOC__</div></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><div style="float:right;margin:0 0 2em 2em;">__TOC__</div></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Chemical barriers to contaminant migration.  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>#Chemical barriers to contaminant migration.  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Physical barriers include subsurface walls that block or redirect groundwater flow and methods of trapping contaminants in engineered low permeability zones. An example is a slurry wall where a low-permeability <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">benonite </del>material is emplaced in a trench around groundwater source zone to reduce the flow through this source zone<ref name= "Pearlman1999">Pearlman, L., 1999. Subsurface containment and monitoring systems: Barriers and beyond. National Network of Environmental Management Studies Fellow for US Environmental Protection Agency, pgs. 1-61. [[Media:Pearlman-1999-Barriers_and_Beyond.pdf|Report pdf]]</ref>. Chemical barriers involve placement of reagents in the subsurface that react with contaminants to minimize their mobility in groundwater. The reagents either react directly with the contaminants or change the geochemistry of the subsurface in a way that reduces contaminant mobility. An example of this approach is construction of a permeable reactive barrier filled with [[Zerovalent Iron (ZVI) (Chemical Reduction - ISCR) | zerovalent iron]] that chemically reduces soluble uranium(VI) entering the barrier to uranium(IV) that is removed from groundwater by precipitation<ref name= "Naftz2002">Naftz, D., Morrison, S.J., Fuller, C.C. and Davis, J.A. eds., 2002. Handbook of groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers: applications to radionuclides, trace metals, and nutrients. Academic Press. ISBN 9780080533056</ref><ref name = "ITRC2011PRB">ITRC, 2011. Permeable Reactive Barrier: Technology Update. Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. [[Media:ITRC-2011-PRB_Tech_Update.pdf|Report pdf]]</ref>. Treatment by chemical barriers is often referred to as enhanced attenuation because the purpose is to increase the attenuation capacity of the aquifer. Combinations of physical and chemical barriers can also be used. For example, “funnel-and-gate” systems use subsurface physical barriers to direct contaminated groundwater through “gates” where reagents are deployed to react with the contaminants.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Physical barriers include subsurface walls that block or redirect groundwater flow and methods of trapping contaminants in engineered low permeability zones. An example is a slurry wall where a low-permeability <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bentonite </ins>material is emplaced in a trench around <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>groundwater source zone to reduce the flow through this source zone<ref name= "Pearlman1999">Pearlman, L., 1999. Subsurface containment and monitoring systems: Barriers and beyond. National Network of Environmental Management Studies Fellow for US Environmental Protection Agency, pgs. 1-61. [[Media:Pearlman-1999-Barriers_and_Beyond.pdf|Report pdf]]</ref>. Chemical barriers involve placement of reagents in the subsurface that react with contaminants to minimize their mobility in groundwater. The reagents either react directly with the contaminants or change the geochemistry of the subsurface in a way that reduces contaminant mobility. An example of this approach is construction of a permeable reactive barrier filled with [[Zerovalent Iron (ZVI) (Chemical Reduction - ISCR) | zerovalent iron]] that chemically reduces soluble uranium(VI) entering the barrier to uranium(IV) that is removed from groundwater by precipitation<ref name= "Naftz2002">Naftz, D., Morrison, S.J., Fuller, C.C. and Davis, J.A. eds., 2002. Handbook of groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers: applications to radionuclides, trace metals, and nutrients. Academic Press. ISBN 9780080533056</ref><ref name = "ITRC2011PRB">ITRC, 2011. Permeable Reactive Barrier: Technology Update. Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. [[Media:ITRC-2011-PRB_Tech_Update.pdf|Report pdf]]</ref>. Treatment by chemical barriers is often referred to as enhanced attenuation because the purpose is to increase the attenuation capacity of the aquifer. Combinations of physical and chemical barriers can also be used. For example, “funnel-and-gate” systems use subsurface physical barriers to direct contaminated groundwater through “gates” where reagents are deployed to react with the contaminants.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Design Considerations===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Design Considerations===</div></td></tr>
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Jhurley
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Admin at 02:14, 28 April 2022
2022-04-28T02:14:30Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:14, 28 April 2022</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CONTRIBUTOR</del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">S</del>):''' [[Dr. Miles Denham]] and [[Dr. Charles Newell, P.E.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Contributor</ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">s</ins>):''' [[Dr. Miles Denham]] and [[Dr. Charles Newell, P.E.]]</div></td></tr>
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Admin
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Jhurley at 15:59, 27 November 2019
2019-11-27T15:59:23Z
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