User:Debra Tabron/sandbox
Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination is one of the most common environmental issues encountered by environmental professionals. Environmental pollution caused by releases of petroleum to land, surface water, or the subsurface is of concern because chemicals in PHCs can present a risk to human and environmental receptors if concentrations in environmental media are high enough. A variety of remediation technologies have been developed over the years to reduce the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in soil and groundwater. However, the complete restoration of sites with petroleum contamination in soils and groundwater is challenging because 1) PHCs in the form of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) can become trapped in soil pores as an immobile, residual phase; and 2) some of the chemical compounds in LNAPL can transfer out of the residual LNAPL and migrate along potential exposure pathways in groundwater, soil, sediment, and air. Fortunately, most PHC constituents can biodegrade either in aerobic or anaerobic environments, making PHC contaminated sites somewhat easier to remediate than typical chlorinated solvents or metals contaminated sites.
Contents
Related Article(s):
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
- Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of Fuels
- Sorption of Organic Contaminants
- Natural Source Zone Depletion (NSZD)
- LNAPL Remediation Technologies (Coming soon)
- NAPL Mobility
- LNAPL Conceptual Site Model (Coming soon)
- Natural Attenuation in Source Zone and Groundwater Plume - Bemidji Crude Oil Spill
CONTRIBUTOR(S): Dr. Bilgen Yuncu
Key Resource(s):
- Characteristics of Dissolved Petroleum Hydrocarbon Plumes[1]
- Evaluating LNAPL Remedial Technologies for Achieving Project Goals[2]
- LNAPL-3: LNAPL Site Management: LCSM Evolution, Decision Process, and Remedial Technologies[3]
- New Developments in LNAPL Site Management[4]
- Managing Risk at LNAPL Sites[5]
Introduction
References
- ^ Newell, C.J. and Connor, J.A., 1998. Characteristics of dissolved petroleum hydrocarbon plumes, results from four studies. Rapport technique, American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC. Report.pdf
- ^ Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC), 2009a. Evaluating LNAPL remedial technologies for achieving project goals. Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council, LNAPLs Team, Washington, DC. Report.pdf
- ^ ITRC, 2018. LNAPL Site Management: LCSM evolution, decision process, and remedial technologies (LNAPL-3). Interstate Technical and Regulatory Council (lnapl-3.itrcweb.org)
- ^ NAVFAC (Naval Facilities Engineering Command), 2017. Environmental Restoration - New Developments in LNAPL Site Management. ESAT N62583-11-D-0515. Report.pdf
- ^ Sale, T., Hopkins, H. and Kirkman, A., 2018. Managing Risk at LNAPL Sites - Frequently Asked Questions. American Petroleum Institute Tech Bulletin, 18. 72p. Report.pdf
